Historically Republicans create fast gains in the Market followed by a crash ... Democrats historically create slower growth but a stronger more stable economy .. Don't get to excited unless you pull your money out before the crash .. This cycle is very familiar ...
It wont last and its not geared to help the middle class.
Yes on all accounts above. Stock Market rising is good generally speaking (especially if you own portfolios, and yes I do) but it's not the best economic indicator. A company could lay-off a bunch of employees and by getting them off the balance-sheet their company looks better in the eyes of investors so their stock rises (happens all the time). I'm not anti-corporation (not especially pro-corporation either) but they play tricks and generally screw workers over when they want to increase share price.
As far as investing goes the advice remains the same since the Stock Market was created. Invest for the long-term not the short (I know some Day Traders who have done very well but generally speaking they get screwed). Have a diverse portfolio and don't put all your eggs in one basket. Invest a little bit every pay period/month what have you (you'll get a better return than playing the lottery or going to the casino...and yes I do both of those too). Don't pull out immediately if the market goes down. Even if it hits rock bottom hold on those those stocks/bonds. When things inevitably come up again you'll be in just as good if not a better position.
That's personal finance though. For national health our debt is going to be the death of us all eventually, and as @Phazer said as long as we are adding to it we are going in the wrong direction.